Persepolis The Story of a Childhood by Marjane Satrapi - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 738 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/07/01 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Persepolis Essay Did you like this example? Persepolis: The story of a childhood by Marjane Satrapi is an intriguing and heartbreaking, coming of age novel with a refreshing twist. The story portrays the Islamic Revolution through Marjis innocent eyes and conveys how The woman who follows the crowd will usually go no further than the crowd. The woman who walks alone is likely to find herself in places no one has ever been before. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood by Marjane Satrapi" essay for you Create order †Albert Einstein. The stark black and white imagery creates a personal connection and adds complexity to the story. In 1980, a year after the start of the Islamic Revolution it became obligatory for young women to wear veils to school. Although Marjis family is avant-garde she is forced to wear a veil and attend a religious, girls only school. She doesnt understand why her families personal life is drastically different from their public life. As Marji learns the reason behind the violence surrounding her country, she also learns about its eventful past. Satrapi also derived the title of the book from Irans past, Persepolis was the name of the city that was once the Capital of the ancient Persian empire. This title reflects Marjis struggles of holding on to her Persian ancestors beliefs or fighting for modern change. Her parents Ebi and Taji want the Shah to step down as leader of the country and frequently participate in protests. Although Marji doesnt quite understand the situation she decides to give up on her dream off being a prophet and instead become a revolutionary. After the Shahs removal, Islamic fundamentalist begin to run the government, they hunt and execute potential threats. When her Uncle Anoosh is executed by the government and depicted as a Russian spy in the newspaper, Marji begins to realize the lies surrounding her leaders. This event shapes her views on the government and creates a stronger bond between her and her family. When Marjis parents learn about a demonstration planned for the next day, Marji insists on attending. Although her father opposed the idea, Marjis mother believes she should learn to defend her rights as a woman now. Her mother encourages Marji to form independent opinions about her culture and government helping her become a strong woman. She is a role model for young women everywhere, fighting for freedom and equal treatment. As she is handing out flyers she witnesses violence with her own eyes for the first time. As the regime becomes stronger, laws become stricter forcing women to completely cover their hair with veils in public and banning alcohol. All western products are also banned including music, books, clothing, and artwork. When Marji is almost detained by the Guardians of the Revolution, a group who arrest women improperly veiled, her parents begin to question her safety. After two quarrels with her principal, Marjis parents decide to send her to Austria, fearing her rebellious behavior may cause her to be arrested. Marjis story continues in Persepolis 2, living in Vienna throughout her high school years attending Lycee Franais de Vienne (French School of Vienna). In a foreign country without friends or family to support her, Marji feels more lost and alienated than ever. Satrapi published her four part se ries Persepolis in French from 2000 2003. After earning critical acclaim the books were published in English translation in two parts from 2003 2004. In 2007 the novel was turned into a major motion picture earning $25,397,460 worldwide. The movie premiered at the Cannes Film Festival, where it co-won the Jury Prize. The autobiography won the Angoulme Coup de Coeur Award in 2001 at the Angoulme International Comics Festival. She went on to publish Embroideries, nominated for the Angoulme Album of the Year Award in 2003, the Award was won by her other book Chicken with Plums in 2005. Growing up in Tehran, as a child, Satrapi witnessed how the government hunted and executed those who threatened their power and suppressed the citizens liberties. Between the oppressive ideals of her country and her care free parents, Marji struggles in finding her true identity. Persepolis: The story of a childhood paints a clear picture of life in Iran and contradictions between home life and public life. The stark black and white imagery com pliment the carefully chosen words and create a stunning piece of literature with a personal connection and complexity. Although readers may not relate to the culture or the setting, the novel shows a young woman in search of a true sense of self.

Why Do We Have A Feeling Something Just Isn t Quite Right

Why do we have a feeling something just isn’t quite right? Why does it no longer matter who you vote for, nothing changes? What happened to Workers of the World Unite ? In today’s world of indoctrination, propaganda and conspiracy theories, there is very rarely a clear cut line between fact and fiction. For every explanation there is a counter explanation and it is left to the individual to make sense of the world around them. In the upside down and back to front west, where beliefs replace reality and an estimated 40% of Europeans suffer from some form of mental illness, shape shifting reptiles and the belief that Clinton is demonically possessed, now carry as much weight as does common sense. Marx got it wrong; it wasn’t about class, but culture. Culture makes us what we are and provides the norms and values that create a society consensus. Enter cultural Marxists Lukà ¡cs and Gramsci, providing the theory behind the the long march through the institutions using social chaos to deconstruct society from within and introduce progressivism, which is all communism ever was. If the masses won’t come to the revolution, the revolution must come to the masses. A brief summary of what cultural Marxism is in Culture Watch and a detailed explanation by the author in, Cultural Marxism - Social Chaos. Why do we have a feeling that something just isn’t quite right? The collapse of the USSR did not destroy the ideology behind communism, which previously was termed liberalShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Barn Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesbut you ll have to stay in the barn; the salesman, not having many options, agreed and wandered to the barn. Early the next morning the farmer came in, and said, Were you comfortable? The salesman replied, I had a great time; I talked to all the animals. 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As he wakes up he finds himself to be tied down to a chair in the basement of the alleged attackerRead MoreThe s Common Sense Entitlement Cynics Trust1528 Words   |  7 Pagespeople and different creatures. We need to put into various classifications, ourselves - humankind that is - and whatever is left of the living scene, says the main British neurobiologist, Prof Sir Colin Blakemore. Prof Carl Cohen of the University of Michigan, Anne Arbor shares that view. Creatures, he contends, don t know anything about profound quality: Creatures don t carry out violations, creatures are not assaulted for their ethical perspe ctives. Rights are an idea extraordinary to theRead MoreWhat Could A Normal Teenager Be Doing On A Friday Night?1586 Words   |  7 Pagesmessy my beautiful room was. First of all, it wasn t messy, there were just a few things on the floor along with half of my clothes. Books were scattered everywhere and a huge pile of homework was on my desk. Blame the teachers, not me. As I was cleaning, I found a book. It wasn t just an ordinary book, it was the one that Leo gave me. I totally forgot about it and left it on the wooden floor. I ve had it for over 2 weeks now and I haven t even read a single page. With the book in my handRead MoreWhat Can We Do About It?1467 Words   |  6 Pagesto thinking they aren t good enough, women would most likely be taken away and are more likely to be tortured or raped. Women aren t meant for fighting, men are. If we enable the women from engaging in combat, we would have a safer country, and a happier life. I will be researching the following questions; What can we do about it? If we did this how would it affect us? Why don t we do this? Would/Are Women Treated Equally While in Combat? Background Information Women did engage in combat in WW2

Environmental Stewardship And Social Impact Of Marketing - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Stewardship And Social Impact Of Marketing. Answer: Introduction Environmental stewardship is refers is seen to be responsible for the protection and the use of the natural environment with the various types of the sustainable and the conservation practices. The three main forms of the environmental stewards have been discerned with doers, donors, and practitioners. The concept of doers is related to going out and taking the appropriate action. The donor has been identified as the person who will be able to able to assist financially for a particular cause. These can be done in form of increasing of funds, hosting of the public events and donating money. The donors are seen to be further identified with hosting of public events for raising the appropriate funds. The Government agencies have been further are seen to be typically associated with environmental stewardship program (Barendse et al. 2016). The study related to the topic marketing makes a positive contribution to the common good and marketers are serious about environmental stewardship, is aimed to discuss on the social impact of marketing and the different types of the challenges which has been seen to be associated to define the common good. A social evaluation of the marketing is seen to follow two paths. The main contrast has been seen to be included with anecdotal case assessments of situations based on the normative principles. This has been observation from the history and the current events has been taken into consideration based on the various types of the considerations as per the pathological business based on the financial objectives based on the deceptive advertising, environmentally destructive products and various types of the distribution system. The deceptive advertising and the environmental destructive products and the distribution system of the consumer vulnerabilities have been also discussed in the report. The report will further discuss on the various aspects of the economic issues, legal issues and ethical issues based on the inclusion of various organization (Peng et al. 2015). Economic Issues The economic issues among has been identified with supermarket retailer such as Coles, who has been able to post a full year profit of $ 407 million. The conglomerate has faced several problems associated to market conditions in the mining sector which has been identified as the remaining as a challenge in the near term. The profit of the company was seen to be reduced down heavily based on the post tax impairment. This has been seen with $1.84 billion has been identified with Wesfarmers' Curragh coal mine and due to the worsening economic situation, the company has been seen to be facing post impairment charges. It has been further identified that the pre-tax of Curragh mine was reduced down to $ 2.1 Billion, however total amount of pre-tax has been identified with restructuring charge. The groups impairment for the profit reduced down to 3.6% to 2.35 billion which is ahead of the market expectations. Wesfarmers supermarket business has been seen to be exceeding the expectations wit h 4.1% increase in terms of the comparable sales of the store (Palmer, Biggs and Cumming 2015). The investment banking group of the company Woolworthss has been recognised with various types of the economic issues seen with slowing down of consumer cycle. The taxation has been further seen to be identified with the number of the challenges which have led to increased tax rate and higher amount of leasing cost. A lower option with the Australian Dollar has been further seen to be evident with the decreasing amount of the equity required with de-rating. Several types of the challenges have been seen with cut in the price target with $27, from $30. The growth in the company has been seen to be evidently slow due to the changes to the Caltex-Woolworths petrol JV. This has been further seen to be evident with poor marketing efforts, taken by the company. The various types of the issues has been further seen to be related to the various types of the economic issues has been further seen to be determined based on the several types of the assumptions which has been able to state on the changing market dynamic and the impact of the same on the company (Romolini, Grove and Locke 2013). More companies such as Aldi have been seen with the various types of the expansion strategy which has been affected due to the economic issues. Some of the main form of the economic issues has been further stated with rapidly growing competition in the market. The main problem with the different types of the economic issues has been further seen to be identified based on the several number of the issues which has been identified with various types of environmental changes has been identified to be related to the average girth expands. Some of the main problems have been further identified with lower amount of the sales volume by 2.1% from 3.4%. The Australians are seen to be drinking less than the actual paying price for the products. The flipside to the various types of the market issues has been prevalent in Costa Group which has been identified as Australias one of the largest fruit and vegetable producer working for Costa Group. The main result of this has been seen with the grow th of 9% and earning by 26.6%. In 2015, Costas share has increased from an amount of A $2.25 to more than A$3.50, however the marketing initiatives associated to the company has considerably decreased. This has been mainly seen to be identified based on the lower growth of the market share of the company (Barritt 2014). Legal issues The development of the various types of the legal issue has been taken into consideration based on ensuring good corporate governance, employment conditions, working rights, education to the workers, training and product responsibility. The aforementioned factors have been seen to be identified based on the various types of the factors which have been seen to be directly related to the evaluation of the negative effects on the marketing initiatives taken by the company. In the case study assessment of Wesfarmers Limited form of the legal issues has been seen to be getting affected due to the failure to the compliance of the different types of the rules which has been seen to be associated to lower companies with the corporate governance aspects. Due to the non disclosure of the several types of the subheadings under the corporate governance issues such as quality benchmarks has led to the main problems which are seen to be associated with the poor performance of the company. It has b een further seen to be discerned with the other companies such as Costa Group has been seen to be discerned based on the minimum standard which needs to be followed for the compliance of the various types of self-designed voluntary standards. The various types of the marketing benefits have been further seen to be dependent on the several types of the initiatives which are seen to be directly related to the adherence of the legal codes. Some of the various types the initiatives taken by the company have been identified with the compliance of performance reporting, codes of conduct, performance standards, government standards principles, assurance standards and different types of the legal with the Australian issues have been determined with management systems (Di Paola 2013). In market environment some of the main problems have been identified with the existence of legal codes such as OECD MNE. In several companies which are seen to be related to the manufacturing operations are seen to be associated with the non-compliance with the GRI guidelines. Some of the various types of the mining based industries have been seen to particularly getting affected with the noncompliance of the legal issues. In order to meet the different types of the definitional expectation the companies has been seen to be getting affected with the incorporation of the self-designed voluntary standards. The improvement in the social and environmental performance of the companies has been seen with emphasis on the strict self regulation and governmental regulations (Sheppard, Ryan and Blahna 2017). Ethical issues The consideration of the various types of the ethical issues has been seen to be associated with the open number of interpretations related to the companys relation to the people and environment. In general CSR has been seen with the understanding of the multilayered perspectives of CSR, which is associated to business generosity towards the community projects and charitable donations. It has been further seen that the various types of the association with the organisation has been further seen to be based on the capturing of the valuable contributions which a company has to make. The main form of the ethical issue has been further seen to be based on the considerations of compliance with the CSR compliances. The main form of the CSR has been identified with the perceptions of the private sectors has identified with the relation to the internal various types of the perceptions which based on the various types of the perceptions for the private sector, government and the civil society organizations. The ethical aspects of the company have been identified with the non compliance of the business with the internal stakeholders (Molsher and Townsend 2016). The role of the business has been discerned with the internal stakeholders such as shareholders, employees, suppliers and customers. The main issues faced by the business have been identified with main role of the business to state on the inter-state institutions or the standards. There have been several instances where companies such as BHP Billiton, Wesfarmers and Woolworth have not been able to reduce the carbon footprints from their production activities. It has been further seen to be discerned that the various types of the main problems with these companies has been seen to be based on the various types of the aspects which are seen to be directly related to good focus on the marketing aspect defaulting in terms of the ethical aspects. The sustainable development of the companies has been discerned with the continuing commitment of the business to act in an ethical manner. The main challenges of organizations failing to comply with the various aspects of the ethical issues have led to the downfall of the marketing practices (van Putten et al. 2014). Several citizens have been seen to be dealing with the environmental stewardship which is seen to be related to making certain contributions to the society and the people of the communities. In several cases the mining companies based in Australia has been seen to be affected due to the various types of the non considerations of the ethical compliance and non focus on the community and the society. Some of the decreasing most noted decreasing performance in terms of the CSR has been evident with company such as BHP Billiton. The different types of the mining activities taken place by the company have seen to be not complying with the general specification of the standards (Courtney et al. 2013). Conclusion The main aspects of the study has showed The economic issues among has been identified with supermarket retailer such as Coles, who has been able to post a full year profit of $ 407 million. The conglomerate has faced several problems associated to market conditions in the mining sector which has been identified as the remaining as a challenge in the near term. The investment banking group of the company Woolworthss has been recognised with various types of the economic issues seen with slowing down of consumer cycle. The taxation has been further seen to be identified with the number of the challenges which have led to increased tax rate and higher amount of leasing cost. The economic issues among has been identified with supermarket retailer such as Coles, who has been able to post a full year profit of $ 407 million. The aforementioned factors have been seen to be identified based on the various types of the factors which have been seen to be directly related to the evaluation of the negative effects on the marketing initiatives taken by the company. The consideration of the various types of the ethical issues has been seen to be associated with the open number of interpretations related to the companys relation to the people and environment. In general CSR has been seen with the understanding of the multilayered perspectives of CSR, which is associated to business generosity towards the community projects and charitable donations. References Barendse, J., Roux, D., Currie, B., Wilson, N. and Fabricius, C. (2016) A broader view of stewardship to achieve conservation and sustainability goals in South Africa, South African Journal of Science. doi: 10.17159/sajs.2016/20150359. Barritt, E. (2014) Conceptualising stewardship in environmental law, Journal of Environmental Law, 26(1), pp. 123. doi: 10.1093/jel/eqt030. Courtney, P., Mills, J., Gaskell, P. and Chaplin, S. (2013) Investigating the incidental benefits of Environmental Stewardship schemes in England, Land Use Policy, 31, pp. 2637. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2012.01.013. Molsher, R. and Townsend, M. (2016) Improving wellbeing and environmental stewardship through volunteering in nature, EcoHealth, 13(1), pp. 151155. doi: 10.1007/s10393-015-1089-1. Palmer, C. G., Biggs, R. and Cumming, G. S. (2015) Applied research for enhancing human well-being and environmental stewardship: Using complexity thinking in Southern Africa, Ecology and Society, 20(1). doi: 10.5751/ES-07087-200153. Di Paola, M. (2013) Environmental stewardship, moral psychology and gardens, Environmental Values, 22(4), pp. 503521. doi: 10.3197/096327113X13690717320784. Peng, G. ., Privette, J. L. ., Kearns, E. J. ., Ritchey, N. A. . and Ansari, S. . (2015) A unified framework for measuring stewardship practices applied to digital environmental datasets, Data Science Journal, 13(February), pp. 231253. doi: 10.2481/dsj.14-049. van Putten, I., Boschetti, F., Fulton, E. A., Smith, A. D. M. and Thebaud, O. (2014) Individual transferable quota contribution to environmental stewardship: A theory in need of validation, Ecology and Society, 19(2). doi: 10.5751/ES-06466-190235. Romolini, M., Grove, J. M. and Locke, D. H. (2013) Assessing and comparing relationships between urban environmental stewardship networks and land cover in Baltimore and Seattle, Landscape and Urban Planning, 120, pp. 190207. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.08.008. Sheppard, J. C., Ryan, C. M. and Blahna, D. J. (2017) Evaluating ecological monitoring of civic environmental stewardship in the Green-Duwamish watershed, Washington, Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, pp. 8795. doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.09.017.

Sexual Harassment Case Essays - Workplace Bullying, Business Ethics

Sexual Harassment Case Susan Parker vs. Randy Louvenberger The Equal Employment Opportunity Commissions (EEOC) sexual harassment guidelines and the Civil Act of 1964, indicate that Susan Parker was indeed sexually harassed throughout her employment at Plastech Industries. The EEOC has created a set of guidelines that determine liability. These EEOC guidelines say that A key factor in determining liability is whether the employer has an effective internal grievance procedure that allows employees to bypass immediate supervisors (who are often the offenders) (Making the Sale p.46). According to the EEOC and section 703 of Title VII in the Civil Act of 1964, sexual harassment is: sex discrimination not because of the sexual nature of the conduct to which the victim is subjected but because the harasser treats a member or members of one sex differently from members of the opposite sex. However, it is the sexual nature of the prohibited conduct which makes this form of sex discrimination sexual harassment (EEOC Compliance Manual). The two types of sexual harassment recognized today are known as quid pro quo and hostile environment. According to the EEOC guidelines, quid pro quo exists when submission to or rejection of (unwelcome sexual) conduct by an individual is used as the basis for employment decisions affecting such individual. Hostile environment exists when unwelcome sexual conduct greatly disturbs an individual and interferes with the individuals job performance. Hostile environment also creates an intimidating workplace for all employees. (EEOC Compliance Manual) The EEOC has also stated that a victim of sexual harassment need not say anything to any supervisor. Co-workers and supervisors are liable if any one knew or should have known that unprofessional conduct was occurring. If it can be proved that the harasser knew what (s)he was doing was wrong, the harasser can be held responsible even though nothing about the matter was reported. As part 5 of section 615.2 (b) of the EEOC Compliance Manual states, There is no requirement that the victim complain to the harasser or report the sexual harassment to his/her supervisor or employer in order for the employer to be held responsible for the unlawful conduct when the harassment is committed by the supervisor. And likewise, there is no requirement that the victim complain to the harasser or report the sexual harassment where the act is committed by a co-worker or a non-employee, the employer will not be held responsible for the act unless it knew or should have known that the act occurred and failed to appropriate corrective action. In the case of Susan Parker vs. Randy Louvenberger, the victim (Susan Parker) did not keep quiet about the harassment she received. Since the level of sexual harassment in Plastech Industries is demonstrably high, any competent supervisor should be able to recognize and eliminate the harassment. Although her supervisor, Randy Louvenberger, ceased to harass Susan Parker after being confronted about his behavior, such a confrontation should not even have been necessary. Mr. Louvenbergers comments about her playing hard-to-get indicate his recognition that Ms. Parker did not enjoy the suggestive remarks made by male Co-workers. In fact, this comment shows that he was aware that Susan Parker had declined the offers that she had received, and he should have known at that point that she was not interested in dating him. When Susan Parker applied for a promotion, Randy Louvenberger denied it. She stated in her testimony that she felt her loss of promotion was due to their earlier conversation regarding the inappropriateness of Louvenbergers actions towards her. The fact that she made this statement may show that he gave her reason to feel this way. If Mr. Louvenberger did base his decision about the promotion on the fact that Ms. Parker embarrassed him, he is clearly in violation of part 2 of section 1604.11(a) of the EEOC Compliance Manual. This section states that no employment decision may have any sexual favors implied. Randy Louvenbergers earlier actions created a hostile environment for Susan Parker, and that is his primary violation of laws against sexual harassment. In the case of Henson vs. City of Dundee and Rogers vs. EEOC, the court ruled that the manager was guilty of sexual harassment even though the victim seemed to play along with

20 Topics for a Thesis on the History of American Business

20 Topics for a Thesis on the History of American Business In the previous guide, we discussed 10 facts for a thesis on the history of American business. It provided you with an adequate amount of information on the subject, thus laying a solid foundation for your thesis statement. In our second guide, 20 Topics for a Thesis on the history of American business, we discuss 20 relevant topics you can take inspiration from to start writing your thesis statement. We have also included a sample essay at the end that would aid you in better understanding how a thesis statement is written. We highly recommend you go through our third and final guide, how to write a thesis on the history of American business, right after reading this one. Even if you know how to write a thesis statement, reading this guide would nicely polish off your current knowledge and allow you to write even more flawlessly. Without further ado, here are 20 Topics on the history of American business: How the Vision of an Industrial Nation Became a Reality in the 1790s. The Initiative of a Privately Owned Bank in the United States that Provided a Uniform Financial System for 13 States The Bank War of 1832 and How it Led to the Destruction of the Second Bank of the United States The Importance of Railroads in America and How it Led to American businesses Sprouting in Five Dimensions The Transformation of Retail, Wholesale, Manufacturing, Finance and Agriculture Economy Due to a Highly Efficient Network of Shipping Freight and Passengers How Railroads were Able to Finance the Private Financial System When the Construction of Railroads Was Too Expensive than Canals or Factories How Railroads Helped Design a Complex Managerial System that Allowed the Local Factory Owners to be More Productive and to Do More in Less Time The Evolution of Retirement: Rise of the American Pension System to Discourage Employees from Leaving Love-Hate Relationship with the Railroads: The Empowering Realization that Everyone Could Buy a Ticket for a Thousand-Mile Trip How Railroads Helped Unify, Dignify, Expand and Enrich the Nation of America How Railroads Become a Part of Public Celebrations of Republicanism The Era of a Cheaper, Easier and More Common Traveling System in America that Changed the Entire Course of American Business and its History Love-Hate Railroads Relationship: Why Poets and Novelists Fretted Over How Railroads Would Destroy the American Landscape The Dominators of Rural America before the post-1910 Dawn of the Automobile Why Rural General Stores and Itinerant Peddlers Were the Main Sources of Supply How Retail in Towns and Small Cities Become a Success and How it Appealed to the Middle-Class Women (Better Educated) Who Did Most of the Shopping The Era of Big City Department Stores: How Alexander T. Stewart Became the Founding Father of Big Department Stores that Sold Everything from Dress Goods to Toys and Sports Equipment Self-Service: An Early 20th Century Innovation which Flourished Supermarket Grocery Chains and Other Varieties of Chain Stores How Advertising on American Soil Became a Successful Marketing Regimen to Promote Businesses The Golden Age of Black Businesses: Role of The National Negro Business League in Promoting Black Business Perfect! Now you have 20 topics to choose from and you can start writing your own thesis statement based on any one of them. Read on to the sample essay below that would serve as your eyes and ears during the thesis writing process. We have chosen a topic from above to help you get accustomed to writing a thesis statement. Here it is: Sample Thesis: The Importance of Railroads in America and How it Led to American Businesses Sprouting in Five Dimensions The railroad industry became a pioneer in helping American businesses thrive and flourish. In fact, it was so significant that it had a dramatic large-scale impact on American businesses in five dimensions. In my opinion, the railroads were the founding fathers of the American business we see today ― from automobiles to consumer products, everything came into fruition due to the dawn of railroads in America. Railroads provided an excellent network of freight and passenger shipments across a big national market. This led to a major carryover effect on major some sections of the economy such as but not limited to: manufacturing, finance, agriculture, wholesale and retail. Due to the addition of telegraphs, the national market of the United States became as big as the Europe’s market, which was supported by one common, unified financial, language and legal system. Railroads were also behind the materialization of private financial systems which paved the way for investments coming from private investors. Over the course of several years, total railroad bones and stocks went from $1.8 billion to $10.6 billion, whereas the total debt at that time was merely $1.2 billion. New York became the dominating financial market which led to the emergence of the financial system based on these railroad bonds. Eventually, Boston officially became the first financial center in the US. Following a fatal accident, the Western Railroad of Massachusetts became the leading force in taking responsibility to place an accountability system. This allowed the dispatchers and district managers to keep an eye on all train movements. To prevent further accidents from occurring, a disciplined rulebook had to be followed by everyone, creating a much better managed environment in the railroad industry. Railroads opened opportunities for young men aged between 18 to 20 years to spend their entire lives working in the railroad industry which was both innovative and inspiring. These men first started out as workers on tracks, and in time, were promoted to an engineer position owing to their hard work and dedication. However, women who were interested in becoming a part of the railroad industry were never hired. To discourage employees from working for someone else, railroad companies invented the American pension system that promised pensions right after the employees were retired ― usually following 40 to 50 years of service. Eventually, railroads became a profound proponent of a love-hate relationship in America. Although many American societies embraced the rise of railroads and saw it as a new way to travel thousands of miles, which also seemed to empower the nation, novelists and poets thought otherwise. Railroads received a damaging blow due to the dark side of this love-hate relationship, but it also flourished exponentially due to the all the positives it brought to American society. In my opinion, railroads were the big investors in making American businesses rise and thrive. It opened career paths for young men, promised them pensions, became a pioneer in the invention of a proper railroad management system, and greatly impacted the main sectors of American economy. Even though it was the center of controversial talk between novelists and poets, it also became anodyne among American societies which did help railroads flourish. You’re just one step away from gaining complete skill and mastery over writing a flawless thesis statement for your paper. Read our final guide, how to write a thesis on the history of American business, and call it a day! References: Bray Hammond, Bank and Politics in America: From the Revolution to the Civil War (1957) David Cowen, 1791-1797 The origins and economic impact of the First Bank of the United States, (Garland Pub., 2000). Andrew Shankman, (2003) A New Thing on Earth: Alexander Hamilton, Pro-Manufacturing Republicans, and the Democratization of American Political Economy. Journal of the Early Republic 23.3 : 323-352 Dora L. Costa, 1880-1990 The evolution of retirement. in Costa, The Evolution of Retirement: An American Economic History, (U of Chicago Press, 1998), pp 6-31 Leland H. Jenks, (1944) Railroads as an economic force in American development. Journal of Economic History 4#1 : 1-20. An 1827 report shows the motivations of early boosters: Wooddy, William (1827). Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Proceedings of sundry citizens of Baltimore, convented for the Purpose of Devising the most efficient Means of Improving the Intercourse between that City and the Western States. The North American Review. Boston: Frederick T. Gray. 25 (56): 62–73. Alfred D. Chandler and Stephen Salsbury. (MIT Press, 1965) The railroads: Innovators in modern business administration. in Bruce Mazlish, ed., The Railroad and the Space Program pp 127-62

WikiLeaks and the Arab Media Essay Sample

WikiLeaks and the Arab Media Essay Sample WikiLeaks and the Arab Media Essay Sample WikiLeaks and the Arab Media Essay Sample With the appearance of WikiLeaks, the revelation of secret information concerning governmental programs, intelligence operations, and conspiracies has blown the Internet. The publications of the information on Afghanistan and Iraq war crimes were expected to raise concerns and call for the demand of their investigation. Under the governmental control, the leaked documents were played down or even silenced in the main Arab media. They were replaced by the news on praising Arab leaders and governmental policies or accusing Israel, Europe and the US of trying to damage the international relations between the Arabian Peninsula and the world. All possible issues but information from the WikiLeaks reports were discussed. The reason for that might have been that the provided proofs showed that the US had had to use military force. However, the more documents have been revealed, the more arguments and criticism appeared worldwide. This paper will investigate how the political and military id eas got distributed in the Arab and world media due to WikiLeaks development. WikiLeaks: Appearance and Sources of Information WikiLeaks is a non-profitable media organization, founded by Julian Assange, which aims at publishing different news along with revealing important and, usually, secret information to public (WikiLeaks). Thus, the organization has faced numerous attacks from all possible world governmental offices to protect the top-secret information from common people. Based on the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, WikiLeaks’ main statement is Article 19 that claims the following: â€Å"everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, including freedom to hold opinions without interference to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers† (WikiLeaks). The organization strongly believes that the authorities cannot hide the truth from their people and have no right to work behind the backs of those who elect and trust them. The organization also does not have a constant domain, as all possible international government institutions are working on how to close it. It is also worth mentioning that numerous anonymous sources worldwide have not been revealed by WikiLeaks so far. There are even certain instructions about how to provide the information without being traced. For instance, to send materials via Internet cafes or other wireless hot spots. Such precautions are eminently reasonable if the source is of political or intelligence interests. Having several international servers under operation and not keeping logs, makes it hard to trace the Internet traffic. Furthermore, in case the information check is needed, different parts of the organization â€Å"conspire with each other to strip submitters of their anonymity† (WikiLeaks). For WikiLeaks, these are sources of information, while governments and intelligence call them spies, who endanger world relations by publishing the documents. The found er of WikiLeaks, being accused of espionage and sex offenses, is hiding from different governmental agencies of the USA, Sweden, France, and others (WikiLeaks). However, Julian Assange was granted political asylum by Ecuador after addressing to country’s Embassy in London. The security technologies of WikiLeaks are extremely progressive in a way to protect the possible attacks against the media. The working group consists of journalists, software programmers, network engineers, and mathematicians. Moreover, it has got a network of committed and talented lawyers, who are always willing to defend the rights of the organization and represent its right in a legal way. World’s Reaction to Leaks Connected with the Middle East Situation Numerous articles appearing in the world media prove that the question of war crimes and the overall situation in the Middle East really matters. For instance, the leak of video that were crucial for American military forces and showed the US air crew shooting Iraqi civilians, their inhumane reaction along with inappropriate commentaries to this tragedy was discussed in The Guardian. The article has at least embarrassed the US defense department as far as the video was blocked, when Reuters tried to get it â€Å"thus WikiLeaks had to break through encryptions by the military to view it† (Black, 2010). Another article in the newspaper highlighted Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s dismissal of the hostility to Iran. It was claimed that the King of Saudi Arabia used simple psychological tricks. Such behavior was an evidence of silencing the information within his country (Black, 2010). Another leak of secret military documents, which was crucial for the US army, was published by Priva te Manning, who worked in Army intelligence unit in Iraq. He sent to WikiLeaks up to 700,000 secret government files (Savage, 2013). The Arab Media Reaction and Responses to WikiLeaks Information Most Arab media did not publish or comment the cables or excerpts, mainly for local considerations or for their late availability, Gulf News Bahrain states. The official explanation of such neglect was that many news outlets closed earlier than the leaked information was presented. However, in Bahrain, the newspapers close late. Thus, they â€Å"referred to the news about the controversial leaks†, but did not consider the plot of the cables necessary to publish (Toummi, 2010). Again, little attention was paid by the Mainstream Arab media. It did not consider that the release of the documents was something to be published. Cairo journalist, Issandr El Amrani, claimed that bringing the details of American-Arab conversation could cause anxiety and anger among the people. The reason is that the revealing cables provide extremely exact and precise insight into the daily life of the leader along with conversation records to prove the statements (Black, 2010). The most popular Arab c hannel, Al Jazeera, practically neglected the cables only mentioning some references to them and official position of the US (Toummi, 2010). The Economist in one of its blogs published the coverage, which provides brief extracts from Arab media to show the moods and reactions on the leaks. Namely, a Baghdad’s daily, Al-Sabah, claimed that the documents’ seriousness should be respected. Thus, WikiLeaks papers cannot be disregarded. Moreover, data cannot be ignored for the sake of justice and freedom of access to the information. Osama al-Sherif in the article for a Jordanian newspaper Ad-Dustour called the revelations by the WikiLeaks â€Å"a victory for true investigative journalism [†¦] despite government’s attempts to conceal the truth† (Savage, 2013). Yousuf al-Kuwayleet, from a Saudi newspaper Al-Riyadh, said that the purpose of the documents should lie in using them as â€Å"highly powerful weapon,† an evidence of war crimes committed by the military, and could be a reason for charges against those whose guilt had been obvious (Savage, 2013). Their power could be used to persua de the whole nations. Hence, the documents concerning both Iraq and Afghanistan war are unveiling facts, which can damage the US top policy-makers. Yousuf al-Kuwayleet also called these wars â€Å"deliberately planned genocidal wars† and demanded prosecution in order to teach all the others a lesson (Savage, 2013). A pan-Arab daily, Dar al-Hayat mentioned another side of these revelations. Its journalist supposes that the level of distrust and suspicion to America’s prospering and bright image will be growing. Moreover, the leaked cables will also put under the question â€Å"Iran’s role in Iraq’s bloodbath† and the concerns toward its political course will also be growing along with Syria’s role in the situation (Savage, 2013). However, not all the media discussed the American side in this case. Mr. Sawi, a columnist for Egyptian independent daily Al-Masry Al-Youm would not advise Julian Assange visiting Arab capitals due to revealing information that is potentially damaging for the existing regime. It is meant that the site contains information, which may undermine the government’s positions and â€Å"foster openings in their closed society and help fight corruption† (Savage, 2013). He said that no one being conscientious and having direct acce ss to secret files would dare to publish them without facing serious consequences of the choice they have been making. The Arab media outlets also made accusations against Julian Assange of being in cooperation with Israel, as the organization somehow escaped the embarrassing publications on the Jewish state (McGeal, 2010). Hence, they claim no serious documents of anti-Israeli direction were leaked. The position of the Arab media does not seem to be supportive for the war crimes revelation. The appearance of WikiLeaks caused numerous discussions especially after it started revealing secret information connected to different spheres of world’s life. It remains intangible for the international organizations, which are chasing it. However, the cases of the US military activity in the Middle East had been questioning their legacy so far. Numerous arguments on the purpose of these publications have also appeared. Different media, European, American, and Arab, provided various views on the situation. However, despite crucial criticism of war policy in the Middle East, some media stand for rather than against of the publications by WikiLeaks. The reason is that, nowadays, it is possibly one of the most trustworthy and fullest sources of the information of the kind providing both news along with official documents, reviews, reports, and cables on politics and military conditions. Yet, the Arab media’s views differ. Some support the idea of revealing the documents as important evidence of unrighteous behavior toward the Arabs during the war time, while the others consider its aim to destroy the political system and societal orders.

Occupational health and safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Occupational health and safety - Essay Example OSH increases workplace productivity. This is because OSH stipulates that all organizations have the duty of care of ensuring that employees and other parties who may be affected by organizations undertaking are safe at all times. Moral obligations in this case involve the protection of the lives and health of employees. Because of measures that are put in place in respect to moral obligations, employees become less susceptible to injuries and harm and thereby making the realization of a more secure, sustainable and healthier workforce. This in turn leads to abated levels of absenteeism, heightened motivation and ultimately, improved productivity. It is against this backdrop for instance that the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EASHW) established the finding that for every Euro that is invested in OSH, the Return on Investment (ROI) that is realized falls between 3 and 5 Euros, due to reduced costs that stem from reduction in absenteeism. In the US, the issue of absent eeism is underscored by the data that released to the same effect. Specifically, the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics established that machine-related accidents and injuries alone claimed 64,170 cases that required long sick-offs, in 2008 alone. Similarly, more than a fourth of these injury cases required more than 30 days being spent away from work (Reese, 2008). The fact that following OSH stipulations entails the installation of workplace risk prevention and the enhancement of proper health and safety management means that cases dealing with serious harm and injuries on employees are assuaged. Cases where these injuries are commonly recurrent are concomitant with high employee turnover, as organizations are compelled to look for another source of manpower or skilled labor. Adhering to OSH in turn alleviates cases of terminal injuries and thereby reducing the chances of high employee turnover that would be incurred as an organization tries to replenish the size of its work force. In a closely related wavelength, adhering to the standards and stipulations set by OSH gives organizational productivity the quality of continuity and stability. With the aforementioned abated cases of injuries and harm on employees, a corporate entity is succored from the task of having to retrain and nurture fledgeling personnel to acquire the necessary skills and experiences that an injured team possessed. This is significant, since training and nurturing organizational workforce entails numerous workshop drives and training programs. Reese (2008) points out that an organization also benefits directly when it adheres to OSH regulations and standards. This benefit takes the form of increased security from the ravages of workplace accidents, malfunction and human error. This is because; OSH is broad enough to include interactions with other subject areas such as safety engineering, chemistry and industrial engineering. This is especially more pronounced in industries that ha ve inherently high proclivity to accidents such as mining, construction and crisis management which have over time developed safety procedures and methods as a way of managing physical danger at the workplace. For instance, since 1992, engineering workshops specializing in welding of components are to adhere to the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) regulations, and thereby curtailing high chances for